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The Necessity of Conducting Capacity Testing on Transformers

1、 Ensure the safety and reliable operation of equipment

Prevent overload risk

Accurately measuring the actual capacity of a transformer can avoid its long-term overload operation. Overload can cause abnormal temperature rise in the winding, accelerate insulation aging, and even lead to fire or explosion accidents. For example, if industrial users add large equipment without capacity verification, it may shorten the equipment life and increase safety risks due to implicit overload.

Typical consequences: insulation breakdown, increased partial discharge (diagnosis assisted by partial discharge testing).

Maintain voltage stability

The mismatch between capacity and actual load can cause voltage fluctuations, especially for precision equipment such as medical instruments and data centers. When the capacity is insufficient, voltage drops may damage sensitive equipment or cause production interruptions.

Diagnose potential faults

Combining capacity testing with DC resistance measurement can reveal issues such as winding breakage and poor contact of tap changers; If the difference between the test value and the nameplate exceeds 2%, it indicates that the winding may be deformed or there may be a turn to turn short circuit.

2、 Optimize system efficiency and economy

Reduce energy consumption

No load loss: Transformers with excessive capacity generate unnecessary iron loss (no-load loss) under light load, increasing operating costs. For example, after replacing a transformer with a suitable capacity in a certain factory, the no-load loss decreased by 30% and the annual electricity bill significantly decreased.

Load loss: Insufficient capacity leads to a surge in copper loss (load loss), resulting in low efficiency during long-term overload operation.

Support scientific planning of power grid

Capacity data provides a basis for power grid renovation, avoiding excessive transformer configuration (resource waste) or insufficient transformer configuration (insufficient power supply) in urban new area construction. For example, in the renovation of old cities, capacity testing is used to accurately match load demand and optimize transformer layout.

Improve asset utilization

After identifying idle or inefficient transformers, the operation strategy can be adjusted (such as parallel operation optimization) to reduce redundant equipment investment.

3、 Compliance Management and Risk Prevention and Control

Meet the requirements of the testing cycle

Conventional transformer: 10kV level requires testing every 1-3 years.

Special scenarios: high temperature, high humidity, corrosive environments, or critical locations (hospitals, data centers) that need to be shortened to an annual or shorter cycle.

After new installation/major overhaul: Comprehensive testing is required within 3 months of operation, and retesting will be conducted six months later.

Rapid response to abnormal operating conditions

When a transformer experiences overheating, abnormal noise, or abnormal oil spectrum (such as acetylene gas exceeding the standard), capacity testing is the core means of fault location, assisting in the determination of insulation degradation or internal discharge.

Compliance and Electricity Fee Management

The power department charges basic electricity fees based on transformer capacity, and testing can prevent users from tampering with nameplates (such as falsely labeling capacity to evade electricity fees), maintaining the fairness of the electricity pricing system.


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